Background & Aims Pregnancy is an important event in a woman's life. Unplanned pregnancy significantly contributes to negative outcomes. Social support, particularly from the spouse, plays a vital role in preventing the negative outcomes of unplanned pregnancy. The spiritual well-being of women can help with managing stress during unplanned pregnancies. This study aims to compare the spiritual well-being and spouse social support in women with planned and unplanned pregnancies in Bushehr, South of Iran. Materials & Methods In this descriptive-comparative study, 384 pregnant women (192 with planned pregnancy and 192 with unplanned pregnancy) participated. They were selected from mothers who visited comprehensive health centers in Bushehr from May to September 2023. Data collection tools included a sociodemographic/fertility form, Yildirim's spouse social support scale (SSS), and Paloutzian and Ellison's spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean total score of SSS was 72.26±4.92 in women with planned pregnancies and 69.93±6.56 in women with unplanned pregnancies. The SSS score and its dimensions in women with unplanned pregnancies were significantly lower than in women with planned pregnancies (P<0.001). The mean total score of SWBS was 67.9±2.89 in women with planned pregnancy and 68.12±12.68 in women with unplanned pregnancy. The SWBS score was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.448). There was a significant correlation between the SSS and SWBS scores. The total SSS score was significantly related to religious well-being (P=0.017) and total SWBS score (P=0.037) in women with unplanned pregnancy, and the social support score of the SSS was significantly related to religious well-being (P=0.021) in women with planned pregnancy. Conclusion Increasing social support from the spouse can increase the religious and spiritual well-being of women with unplanned pregnancies. It can also increase the religious well-being of women with planned pregnancies. Trained midwives and healthcare providers can provide the couples with related education and help them adapt and enhance their spiritual well-being.

In the Iranian legal system, economic, social, and cultural development plans are prepared in the form of “, law”,and in the form of five-year plans. Despite the assumption of three characteristics of ”, being planned”, , “, being temporary and timely”,and “, being in line”,with the goals and policies of economic and social development for this group of laws, examining the content of this group of laws shows that a significant part from the provisions of these rules, it has no relation to all or part of the mentioned features. In the form of descriptive-analytical research, while pathology of the content of the five-year development plan laws, it was concluded that the view of parliamentarians on the program laws as a suitable platform for legislating any issue that is expected of them and this factor has caused some anomalies in legislation and has undermined legislative discipline. Therefore, legislation in order to “, establish a permanent organization or organization”, , “, amend ordinary laws”, , “, provide for the rights and duties of citizens”,and “, reform the role or competence of legal institutions and authorities”,should be done in their own laws.

This paper examines the transmission or contagion of organizational misbehavior (OMB) among school’ s members. Research method was descriptive – correlation and all of high school teachers were made the population of study which 220 of them were selected via clustering sampling method. To collect the data, standardizes scales was used and data analyzed through hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). Results shows that organizationally directed misbehavior is partially spread through social information in that the relationship between the work group’ s ODM and the focal individual’ s ODM was partially mediated by all three forms of social information. The work group’ s ODM creates social information (direct observation, indirect knowledge and prevalence of these behaviors) that is perceived by other members of the work group. That social information is positively related to the ODM of a focal group member. Interpersonally directed misbehavior is spread through direct observation and prevalence of IDM as the IDM of the work group and the focal individual was fully mediated by these two types of social information but not by the indirect knowledge of IDM. Taken together, these findings indicate that the work group’ s misbehavior creates social information (direct observation, indirect knowledge and prevalence of these behaviors) that is perceived by other members of the work group. That social information is positively related to the misbehavior of a focal group member.

According to metaphysical and mystical point of view, there are five degrees of unity and multiplicity, as follows: Essence, Attributes, Intellect, Soul and Body. The first two degrees belong to Divine Realm, and the rest to the Manifestation. Al-Ahad, the Divine principle, is pure attribute but the level of Attributes and Names, Al-Wahid, receives all predicates. All-Ahad is beyond being and Al-Wahid is being. In this paper the difference between these two terms is indicated by clarifying the concepts Absolute-Relative, Alma- Maya, and impersonal Divinity and personal God.

When a planned special event (PSE) is mentioned, large and international organizations are considered. These organizations attract so many people all around the world to local points. However, relatively small scale PSEs such as ordinary league games that are organized once every two weeks that impact the daily traffic of the cities especially metropolitans, are neglected. This paper focuses on the travel demand modelling of the ordinary super league games in Istanbul. As a purpose of this paper, in order to obtain a customizable and standalone PSE model, survey design and data collection procedures, a new methodology for trip generation, trip distribution, and modal split steps of the traditional 4-step demand modelling are considered. With the opportunity provided by the newly proposed methodology, unlike most previous studies in literature, all trips and activities in the same day with the PSE are taken into the modelling process. Because of the nature of the PSEs, participants prefer to perform additional (derived) activities in the time between leaving the origin and joining the PSE. Accordingly, 1, 2, and 3-step groups are defined, and the shape of trip length distributions are different not only from the peak hours but also from each other. At the end, the model estimation and development of the PSE travel demand model are presented with conclusions and suggestions.